Long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Delhi linked to cancer risk
Fine particulate matter can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, according to a report by The Indian Express.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a branch of the World Health Organization, identified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter as Group 1 carcinogens in 2013. This classification indicates sufficient evidence that such pollutants can cause cancer in humans, with the most significant link found in lung cancer cases.
According to The Indian Express, fine particulate matter known as PM2.5 is particularly hazardous because these tiny particles can reach deep lung tissue and enter the bloodstream. These particles may carry metals and organic compounds that trigger inflammation and DNA damage, which can lead to uncontrollable cell growth.
A 2026 evidence review by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the George Institute for Global Health reported that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with an 11 per cent higher overall risk of developing cancer globally.
In Delhi, a February 2026 assessment by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) found that secondary particulates, transport, biomass burning, dust, and industry are major contributors to winter PM2.5 levels.
To study these health impacts, AIIMS Delhi launched the AIRCARE study in March 2026 to examine the link between long-term pollution and lung cancer in 1,615 patients and 1,615 controls. Additionally, the Integrated Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosol Toxicity Analysis Laboratory (AATAL) was inaugurated in Delhi-NCR in October 2026 to investigate pollutant composition.